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374 lines
12 KiB
374 lines
12 KiB
#
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# Copyright 2011 Facebook
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#
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
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# a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
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# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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# under the License.
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"""Utilities for working with multiple processes, including both forking
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the server into multiple processes and managing subprocesses.
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"""
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import errno
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import os
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import multiprocessing
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import signal
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import time
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from binascii import hexlify
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from tornado.concurrent import (
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Future,
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future_set_result_unless_cancelled,
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future_set_exception_unless_cancelled,
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)
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from tornado import ioloop
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from tornado.iostream import PipeIOStream
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from tornado.log import gen_log
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from tornado.platform.auto import set_close_exec
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from tornado.util import errno_from_exception
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import typing
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from typing import Tuple, Optional, Any, Callable
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if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
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from typing import List # noqa: F401
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# Re-export this exception for convenience.
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CalledProcessError = subprocess.CalledProcessError
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def cpu_count() -> int:
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"""Returns the number of processors on this machine."""
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if multiprocessing is None:
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return 1
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try:
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return multiprocessing.cpu_count()
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except NotImplementedError:
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pass
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try:
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return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF")
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except (AttributeError, ValueError):
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pass
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gen_log.error("Could not detect number of processors; assuming 1")
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return 1
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def _reseed_random() -> None:
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if "random" not in sys.modules:
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return
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import random
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# If os.urandom is available, this method does the same thing as
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# random.seed (at least as of python 2.6). If os.urandom is not
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# available, we mix in the pid in addition to a timestamp.
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try:
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seed = int(hexlify(os.urandom(16)), 16)
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except NotImplementedError:
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seed = int(time.time() * 1000) ^ os.getpid()
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random.seed(seed)
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def _pipe_cloexec() -> Tuple[int, int]:
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r, w = os.pipe()
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set_close_exec(r)
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set_close_exec(w)
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return r, w
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_task_id = None
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def fork_processes(num_processes: Optional[int], max_restarts: int = None) -> int:
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"""Starts multiple worker processes.
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If ``num_processes`` is None or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
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available on this machine and fork that number of child
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processes. If ``num_processes`` is given and > 0, we fork that
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specific number of sub-processes.
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Since we use processes and not threads, there is no shared memory
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between any server code.
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Note that multiple processes are not compatible with the autoreload
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module (or the ``autoreload=True`` option to `tornado.web.Application`
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which defaults to True when ``debug=True``).
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When using multiple processes, no IOLoops can be created or
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referenced until after the call to ``fork_processes``.
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In each child process, ``fork_processes`` returns its *task id*, a
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number between 0 and ``num_processes``. Processes that exit
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abnormally (due to a signal or non-zero exit status) are restarted
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with the same id (up to ``max_restarts`` times). In the parent
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process, ``fork_processes`` returns None if all child processes
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have exited normally, but will otherwise only exit by throwing an
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exception.
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max_restarts defaults to 100.
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"""
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if max_restarts is None:
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max_restarts = 100
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global _task_id
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assert _task_id is None
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if num_processes is None or num_processes <= 0:
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num_processes = cpu_count()
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gen_log.info("Starting %d processes", num_processes)
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children = {}
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def start_child(i: int) -> Optional[int]:
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pid = os.fork()
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if pid == 0:
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# child process
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_reseed_random()
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global _task_id
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_task_id = i
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return i
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else:
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children[pid] = i
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return None
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for i in range(num_processes):
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id = start_child(i)
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if id is not None:
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return id
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num_restarts = 0
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while children:
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try:
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pid, status = os.wait()
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except OSError as e:
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if errno_from_exception(e) == errno.EINTR:
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continue
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raise
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if pid not in children:
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continue
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id = children.pop(pid)
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if os.WIFSIGNALED(status):
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gen_log.warning(
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"child %d (pid %d) killed by signal %d, restarting",
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id,
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pid,
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os.WTERMSIG(status),
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)
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elif os.WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0:
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gen_log.warning(
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"child %d (pid %d) exited with status %d, restarting",
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id,
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pid,
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os.WEXITSTATUS(status),
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)
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else:
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gen_log.info("child %d (pid %d) exited normally", id, pid)
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continue
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num_restarts += 1
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if num_restarts > max_restarts:
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raise RuntimeError("Too many child restarts, giving up")
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new_id = start_child(id)
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if new_id is not None:
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return new_id
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# All child processes exited cleanly, so exit the master process
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# instead of just returning to right after the call to
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# fork_processes (which will probably just start up another IOLoop
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# unless the caller checks the return value).
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sys.exit(0)
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def task_id() -> Optional[int]:
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"""Returns the current task id, if any.
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Returns None if this process was not created by `fork_processes`.
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"""
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global _task_id
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return _task_id
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class Subprocess(object):
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"""Wraps ``subprocess.Popen`` with IOStream support.
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The constructor is the same as ``subprocess.Popen`` with the following
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additions:
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* ``stdin``, ``stdout``, and ``stderr`` may have the value
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``tornado.process.Subprocess.STREAM``, which will make the corresponding
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attribute of the resulting Subprocess a `.PipeIOStream`. If this option
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is used, the caller is responsible for closing the streams when done
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with them.
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The ``Subprocess.STREAM`` option and the ``set_exit_callback`` and
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``wait_for_exit`` methods do not work on Windows. There is
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therefore no reason to use this class instead of
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``subprocess.Popen`` on that platform.
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.. versionchanged:: 5.0
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The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been removed.
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"""
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STREAM = object()
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_initialized = False
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_waiting = {} # type: ignore
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_old_sigchld = None
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def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
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self.io_loop = ioloop.IOLoop.current()
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# All FDs we create should be closed on error; those in to_close
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# should be closed in the parent process on success.
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pipe_fds = [] # type: List[int]
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to_close = [] # type: List[int]
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if kwargs.get("stdin") is Subprocess.STREAM:
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in_r, in_w = _pipe_cloexec()
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kwargs["stdin"] = in_r
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pipe_fds.extend((in_r, in_w))
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to_close.append(in_r)
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self.stdin = PipeIOStream(in_w)
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if kwargs.get("stdout") is Subprocess.STREAM:
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out_r, out_w = _pipe_cloexec()
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kwargs["stdout"] = out_w
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pipe_fds.extend((out_r, out_w))
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to_close.append(out_w)
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self.stdout = PipeIOStream(out_r)
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if kwargs.get("stderr") is Subprocess.STREAM:
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err_r, err_w = _pipe_cloexec()
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kwargs["stderr"] = err_w
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pipe_fds.extend((err_r, err_w))
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to_close.append(err_w)
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self.stderr = PipeIOStream(err_r)
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try:
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self.proc = subprocess.Popen(*args, **kwargs)
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except:
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for fd in pipe_fds:
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os.close(fd)
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raise
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for fd in to_close:
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os.close(fd)
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self.pid = self.proc.pid
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for attr in ["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"]:
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if not hasattr(self, attr): # don't clobber streams set above
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setattr(self, attr, getattr(self.proc, attr))
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self._exit_callback = None # type: Optional[Callable[[int], None]]
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self.returncode = None # type: Optional[int]
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def set_exit_callback(self, callback: Callable[[int], None]) -> None:
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"""Runs ``callback`` when this process exits.
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The callback takes one argument, the return code of the process.
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This method uses a ``SIGCHLD`` handler, which is a global setting
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and may conflict if you have other libraries trying to handle the
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same signal. If you are using more than one ``IOLoop`` it may
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be necessary to call `Subprocess.initialize` first to designate
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one ``IOLoop`` to run the signal handlers.
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In many cases a close callback on the stdout or stderr streams
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can be used as an alternative to an exit callback if the
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signal handler is causing a problem.
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"""
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self._exit_callback = callback
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Subprocess.initialize()
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Subprocess._waiting[self.pid] = self
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Subprocess._try_cleanup_process(self.pid)
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def wait_for_exit(self, raise_error: bool = True) -> "Future[int]":
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"""Returns a `.Future` which resolves when the process exits.
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Usage::
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ret = yield proc.wait_for_exit()
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This is a coroutine-friendly alternative to `set_exit_callback`
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(and a replacement for the blocking `subprocess.Popen.wait`).
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By default, raises `subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the process
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has a non-zero exit status. Use ``wait_for_exit(raise_error=False)``
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to suppress this behavior and return the exit status without raising.
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.. versionadded:: 4.2
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"""
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future = Future() # type: Future[int]
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def callback(ret: int) -> None:
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if ret != 0 and raise_error:
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# Unfortunately we don't have the original args any more.
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future_set_exception_unless_cancelled(
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future, CalledProcessError(ret, "unknown")
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)
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else:
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future_set_result_unless_cancelled(future, ret)
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self.set_exit_callback(callback)
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return future
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@classmethod
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def initialize(cls) -> None:
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"""Initializes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler.
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The signal handler is run on an `.IOLoop` to avoid locking issues.
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Note that the `.IOLoop` used for signal handling need not be the
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same one used by individual Subprocess objects (as long as the
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``IOLoops`` are each running in separate threads).
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.. versionchanged:: 5.0
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The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been
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removed.
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"""
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if cls._initialized:
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return
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io_loop = ioloop.IOLoop.current()
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cls._old_sigchld = signal.signal(
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signal.SIGCHLD,
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lambda sig, frame: io_loop.add_callback_from_signal(cls._cleanup),
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)
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cls._initialized = True
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@classmethod
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def uninitialize(cls) -> None:
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"""Removes the ``SIGCHLD`` handler."""
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if not cls._initialized:
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return
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signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD, cls._old_sigchld)
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cls._initialized = False
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@classmethod
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def _cleanup(cls) -> None:
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for pid in list(cls._waiting.keys()): # make a copy
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cls._try_cleanup_process(pid)
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@classmethod
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def _try_cleanup_process(cls, pid: int) -> None:
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try:
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ret_pid, status = os.waitpid(pid, os.WNOHANG)
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except OSError as e:
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if errno_from_exception(e) == errno.ECHILD:
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return
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if ret_pid == 0:
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return
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assert ret_pid == pid
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subproc = cls._waiting.pop(pid)
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subproc.io_loop.add_callback_from_signal(subproc._set_returncode, status)
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def _set_returncode(self, status: int) -> None:
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if os.WIFSIGNALED(status):
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self.returncode = -os.WTERMSIG(status)
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else:
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assert os.WIFEXITED(status)
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self.returncode = os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
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# We've taken over wait() duty from the subprocess.Popen
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# object. If we don't inform it of the process's return code,
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# it will log a warning at destruction in python 3.6+.
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self.proc.returncode = self.returncode
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if self._exit_callback:
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callback = self._exit_callback
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self._exit_callback = None
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callback(self.returncode)
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